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The influence of wine in ancient Greece helped Ancient Greece trade with neighboring countries and regions. Many mannerisms and cultural aspects were associated with wine.It led to great change in Ancient Greece as well. The ancient Greeks pioneered new methods of viticulture and wine production that they shared with early winemaking communities in what are now France, Italy, Austria and Russia, as well as others, through trade and colonization. Along the way, they markedly influenced the ancient European winemaking cultures of the Celts, Etruscans, Scythians and ultimately the Romans.〔J. Robinson (ed) ''"The Oxford Companion to Wine"'' Third Edition pp. 326–329 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0-19-860990-6〕 ==Origins== Viticulture has existed in Greece since the late Neolithic period, with domestic cultivation becoming widespread by the early Bronze Age. Through trade with ancient Egypt, the Minoan civilization on Crete was introduced to Egyptian winemaking methods, an influence most likely imparted to Mycenaean Greece.〔 The Minoan palaces had their associated vineyards, as Spyridon Marinatos demonstrated in excavations just south of the palace site at Archanes, and the Minoan equivalent of a ''villa rustica'' devoted to wine production was unearthed at Kato Zakros in 1961.〔Noted in Karl Kerenyi, ''Dionysos: Archetypal image of indestructible life'' 1976:56 notes 15, 16.〕 In Minoan culture of the mid-second millennium BC, wine and the sacred bull were linked in the form of the horn-shaped drinking cups called ''rhyta''; the name of Oinops (Greek: , "wine-colored")〔.〕 is twice attested in Linear B〔The attested Mycenaean Greek Linear B forms of the word are , ''wo-no-qo-so'', and , ''wo-no-qo-so-qe'', found respectively, on the KN Ch 1015 and KN Ch 897 tablets.〕 tablets at Knossos〔Michael Ventris and John Chadwick, ''Documents in Mycenaean Greek'' 1959:130〕 and repeated twice in Homer.〔''Iliad'' XIII.703; ''Odyssey'' XIII.32 ("his brace of wine-dark oxen")〕 Along with olives and grain, grapes were an important agricultural crop vital to sustenance and community development; the ancient Greek calendar followed the course of the vintner's year. One of the earliest known wine presses was discovered in Palekastro in Crete, from which island the Mycenaeans are believed to have spread viticulture to others in the Aegean Sea and quite possibly to mainland Greece.〔R. Phillips ''A Short History of Wine'', pp. 29–34 Harper Collins 2000 ISBN 0-06-621282-0〕 In the Mycenaean period, wine took on greater cultural, religious and economic importance. Records inscribed on tablets in Linear B include details of wine, vineyards and wine merchants, as well as an early allusion to Dionysus, the Greek god of wine. Greeks embedded the arrival of winemaking culture in the mythologies of Dionysus and the cultural hero Aristaeus.〔Wine also plays a leading role in the myths of Ikarios/Semachos, who welcomed the god and his gift, and of Amphitryon, who taught the civilized technique of mixing wine and water, the lack of which aroused the centaurs and resulted in the conflict of Lapiths and centaurs.〕 Early remnants of amphoras show that the Mycenaeans actively traded wine throughout the ancient world in places such as Cyprus, Egypt, Palestine, Sicily and southern Italy.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ancient Greece and wine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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